Scalar Implicatures and Existential Import: Experimental Study on Quantifiers in Natural Language
نویسندگان
چکیده
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منابع مشابه
Numerals denote degree quantifiers: Evidence from child language
A large body of work in both the theoretical and experimental literature suggests that upper bound implications in simple sentences with bare numerals are entailments arising from the semantics of the numeral, rather than scalar implicatures of the sort seen with other scalar terms. However, not all semantic analyses of numerals designed to introduce upper bounding entailments in simple sentenc...
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We report on the results of our reasoning experiments concerning direct inferences with quantifiers: some, most, all. We investigated scalar implicatures of some and most, as well as inferences from all to most, from all to some and from most to some. Based on our results, we propose that scalar implicatures are context-independent and default in this sense that the pragmatic interpretation of ...
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Since Horn (1972) the notion of conversational implicature proposed by Grice has been put to use to explain certain interpretive differences between expressions in natural language and their counterparts in formal logic. For example, the sentences in (1) seem to convey more than they would be expected to if the natural language disjunction or had the same meaning as the logical disjunction∨, or...
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Pragmatic implicatures—inferences that weak statements imply that stronger ones could not be used—are a popular case study of children’s pragmatic development. A growing literature suggests that children make implicatures under certain conditions, but their performance varies widely across tasks, and few datasets allow direct comparisons between implicature types. We designed a simple paradigm ...
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Three components of determiner meanings – truth conditions, implicatures, and presuppositions – have been identified. One of the major findings in acquisition, related to the truth conditions of the quantifiers, has been that children go through at least two stages of non-adult interpretation of the quantifier every (Philip, 1995). More recently, researchers (Noveck, 2001; Gualmini et al., 2001...
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